15 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Insidious Edema ... - Absent Serum ... Onset - Abrupt Edema ... - Present Serum ... #Comparison #Table
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Differential Diagnosis Table ... - Serum Ascites ... < 1.1: • Nephrotic ... • Serositis (infection ... #Serum #Albumin
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
disease - Post-infectious ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Acute interstitial nephritis ... • Medications ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
kidney disease, and nephrotic ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Renal infection ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... disorders or excreted medications ... Urinary tract infection ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
expensive Serum ... Serum or urine for ... present) - These infections ... are common causes ... #nephritic #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... algorithm Urine Na+K / serum ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
fibromyalgia) • Infections ... lower extremity edema ... , and elevated serum ... proteinuria, dependent edema ... activation and/or medications
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
expensive 2) Serum ... present) - These infections ... are common causes ... initial #testing #nephrology ... #nephrotic #nephritis
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
+ mass effect/Edema ... Demyelinating disease caused ... - +mass effect/Edema ... sensitivity of serum ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology