19 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity ... 2) Urine Osmolarity ... salt wasting By Rachel ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
= (Urine Na+ x Serum ... Cr) / (Serum Na ... Urine Cr) FEurea < 1% ... etiologies FEurea > 2% ... #nephrology #calculation
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... Step #1 - Consider ... history Step #2 ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Step 1 . ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... in the urine 1. ... (RTA): Type 1: ... normal Type 2: ... #nephrology
Intraoperative Bronchospasm - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

❶ Call for help and inform theatre team of
or obstructed tracheal ... suspected → 3-1 ... persists, consider → 2- ... 2 Hypoxia/desaturation ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... renal mechanism 2) ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Ascites - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Paracentesis studies: cell count + differential, albumin, protein, culture
 • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient
protein, culture • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient ... (SAAG): > 1.1 g ... Protein: level < 1- ... cardiac ascites 1) ... Sodium restriction
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
secure it with tracheal ... blood sample for serum ... 2 hours and >24 ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pathophysiology 1) ... Pump - Digoxin works ... increase. 2) The ... increase, the Na+2/ ... entering the cell, serum