9 results
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... closure glaucoma • Loss ... #signs #symptoms ... #clues #differential
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
aneurysm) • Infection ... : • SAH (Thunderclap ... (fever, weight loss ... N Neurological signs ... confusion, focal signs
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
associated with infection ... 10%) • Otitis media ... following symptoms: headache ... gland tumor Clues ... Otalgia #Ear #Pain #Otology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... with previously stable ... Age less than 30 ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
requires special media ... but important causes ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... special stains (e.g ... #differential #workup
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
include a: • Neurologic ... Infection or cancer ... disruption ○ Otitis media ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #otology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
characterized by: • Headache ... status • Headache ... may precede the neurologic ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
nasal, hearing loss ... mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... , r/o infection ... recent DAN) • EMG ... Goodpasture's cause
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... malaise, weight loss ... primary condition MEDIUM ... tract, and often causes ... , recent viral infection