59 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
cardiac syncope, e.g ... frequently benign causes ... carotid sinus syndrome ... and an initial ECG ... The treatment strategy
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... priapism • Lab values ... organ damage • Treatment ... sudden death • Lab values ... unless worrisome EKG
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
21 • Noonan Syndrome ... • Prader-Willi Syndrome ... • Turner Syndrome ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... endocrinology #causes
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Treatment depends ... maintained fever CAUSES ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Anticholinergic syndrome ... #Differential #Causes
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
IV Mg infusion (e.g ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cirrhosis Syndrome ... - Malignancy (e.g ... CNS pathology (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
Approach to ECGs ... tachy not from SA ... (2) Sick Sinus Syndrome ... 200ms from longer pause ... bradyarrhythmia #ECG
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... with previously stable ... values. 3. ... White-coat syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Medication side effect (e.g ... Subclavian steal syndrome ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Classification #Table ... #Causes