1545 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome ... autosomal recessive salt-losing ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... dr_missyhanna #Gitelman #Syndrome
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
losses, Cerebral salt ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cirrhosis Syndrome ... - Cerebral salt ... Table #Causes #Sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... AR) hypokalemic salt-losing ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... diuretic abuse • Salt
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... potassium acid salts
Pediatric Fractures - Salter-Harris Classification 
Pneumonic: SALTR
#Diagnosis #Radiology #Ortho #Peds #Fracture #SalterHarris #Classification #Types #SALTR #Mnemonic
Pediatric Fractures - Salter-Harris ... Classification Pneumonic: SALTR ... Classification #Types #SALTR
Salter-Harris Classification
Salter-Harris Fractures involve the physis and cartilaginous epiphyseal plate near the ends of the long
Salter-Harris Classification ... Salter-Harris Fractures ... Salter-Harris fracture ... by the mnemonic SALTR ... Classification #Types #SALTR