15 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... suggests either secondary ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... Hyperaldosteronism • Secondary
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia with secondary ... transplant, Diuretic ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Uncontrolled diabetes ... Mg wasting syndromes ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Diagnosis #Low #Magnesium ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... states, Primary or secondary ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... diagnosis #nephrology #magnesium
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
• Starvation Secondary ... High purine diet Secondary ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... patient has good renal ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... disorders: - Syndrome ... - Primary or secondary ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Pruritus - Generalized Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Systemic and Primary Causes
== Primary Skin Lesions ==
Macules /
Systemic and Primary Causes ... Blood Glucose: • Diabetes ... BUN: • Chronic renal ... Myelodisplastic syndrome ... Pruritus #primary #secondary
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Nail Disorders secondary ... heart failure • Diabetes ... discoloration) • Chronic renal ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... hyperparathyroidism • Secondary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology