1985 results
POCUS - Measuring Cardiac Output
1) Calculate LVOT Area
2) Calculate LVOT VTI
3) Calculate Cardiac Output

SV = (LVOT
Measuring Cardiac Output ... Calculate Cardiac Output ... SV = (LVOT Area ... CO (mL/min) = SV ... Pocus101 #Cardiac #Output
Stroke Volume & Cardiac Output Measurement on POCUS
Accurately measure LVOT diameter:
1. Obtain PLAX 
2. Zoom to
Volume & Cardiac Output ... LVOT Diam/2) 2 SV ... Volume #Cardiac #Output
Approach to Oliguria 
Oliguria (urine output <0.3-0.5 cc/kg IBW) 

- Dr. Josh Farkas @PulmCrit

#Oliguria #Diagnosis #Management
Oliguria (urine output ... Diagnosis #Management #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation Algorithm
In addition to edema and urine concentration, always consider urine
and Evaluation Algorithm ... consider urine output ... Diagnosis #Evaluation #Algorithm
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole. 
Surrogate indicator of
MAP = [Cardiac Output ... Cardiac output ( ... Stroke Volume (SV ... increasing cardiac output ... cardiacoutput #Co #SV
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Excessive urine output ... • Bladder Outlet ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Normal urine output 
- 0.5 to 1.5 cc/kg/hour 
- A patient should be urinating at least
Normal urine output ... Decreased urine output ... minimal urine output ... adults #urine #output
Orthostatic Hypotension Management Algorithm
 • Hypovolemic?  Yes → Resuscitate
 • Volume Overloaded? No → Fludrocortisone
Hypotension Management Algorithm ... increases cardiac output ... increases cardiac output ... Hypotension #Management #Algorithm
Decompensated Heart Failure Management Strategies

Wet (volume overloaded) vs Dry (euvolemic) and Cold (low cardiac output) vs
Cold (low cardiac output ... normal cardiac output
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Output > ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm