7412 results
Macular Hole  - Slit Lamp Ocular Examination

Dr. Sebastian Vega @oftalmopo

#Macular #Hole #Retina #Ocular #PhysicalExam #clinical
Macular Hole - ... Slit Lamp Ocular ... @oftalmopo #Macular ... #Hole #Retina #Ocular ... #PhysicalExam #clinical
Lead aVR on EKG
Lead aVR can provide some unique insight into 5 different conditions:

 - Acute
Lead aVR on EKG ... Lead aVR can provide ... Differentiating VT from SVT ... EKG #ECG #Lead #AVR
Pressors and Inotropes

Norepinephrine
 • alpha1 > beta 1
 • Increase SVR > Inotropy
Vasopressin
 • V1
 •
1 • Increase SVR ... V1 • Increase SVR ... 1 • Increase SVR ... Inotropy > Increase SVR ... Inotropy, Decrease SVR
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
1500 d/s/cm5) (SVR ... -120 d/s/cm5) (PVR ... ml/beats/m2) (SVI ... [MAP – PCWP] x SVI ... mean PAp – CVP] x SVI
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
High CO / Low SVR ... Low CO / High SVR ... Low CO / High SVR ... Low CO / High SVR
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Framework MAP = CO x SVR ... third-spacing • ↓ CO, ↑ SVR ... arrhythmia • ↓ CO, ↑ SVR ... PAH • ↓ CO, ↑ SVR ... toxins • ↑ CO, ↓ SVR
Vasopressors and Inotropes - Pharmacology Summary
Vasopressors
Phenylephrine (alpha-1)
 • Increases BP, SVR
 • Risk of reflex bradycardia
Increases BP, SVR ... Increases BP, SVR ... Increases HR, SVR ... Increases BP, SVR ... vasoconstriction, SVR
Lead AVR on ECG
1. Acute myocardial infarction: ST elevation > 1.5 mm in aVR, indicative of
Lead AVR on ECG ... elevation > 1.5 mm in aVR ... PR elevation in aVR ... PR elevation in aVR ... - R/S ratio in aVR
Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines vs Non-Dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines (amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine)
 • SVR: Decrease
 • Inotropy:
nicardipine) • SVR ... verapamil) • SVR
Ocular Cross-Section Anatomy and Ophthalmology Acronyms

EOM - Extra ocular movements
IOL - Intraocular Lens
IOP - Intraocular Pressure
OD
Ocular Cross-Section ... EOM - Extra ocular ... Pressure OD - Oculus ... right eye) OS - Oculus ... left eye) OU - Oculus