5 results
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... ASD or PFO with left ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... risk factors Atrial ... atria, the size ... atrial thrombus ... atrial occlusion
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava and Unroofed Coronary Sinus
Bubble study for cryptogenic stroke.  Left arm
Persistent Left ... Coronary Sinus Bubble ... → L superior cardinal ... ) & RA or both atria ... unroofed CS → R SVC
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... septum shifts left ... PVeins (extra-cardiac ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Preoperative Risk Evaluation ... exam Determine Cardiac ... indication of AC ... postoperative cardiac ... medical and surgical management