Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava and Unroofed Coronary Sinus Bubble study for cryptogenic stroke. Left arm agitated saline shows persistent LSVC drains directly to LA. → L superior cardinal vein fails to regress, leaving PLSVC to drain into CS (dilated) & RA or both atria via unroofed CS → R SVC usually N, rarely absent →Cause of systemic embolism Dr. Francesca Graziani @FGraziani_Grace #PLSVC #Unroofed #CoronarySinus #clinical #cardiology #echocardiogram #pocus #psax
