11 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Differential Diagnosis ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... #AcidBase #disorders ... #Summary #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine chloride ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
, CNS/muscular disorders ... for Respiratory Acidosis ... Alkalosis Urine ... Barter, or Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis #algorithm #diagnosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Calculate Anion Gap - UAG ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... Non-neuromuscular disorder ... Radiation • Metabolic ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... #neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
- Differential Diagnosis ... meningeal irritation signs ... #differential #diagnosis ... #ophthalmology ... #Neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... • Symptoms and signs ... Toxic Metabolic: ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #diagnosis #neurology