23 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
Diagnosis of ascites ... - Ascitic protein ... metastases - Ascitic ... #ascites #albumin ... gradient #hepatology #differential
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Ascites Differential ... Table - Serum Ascites ... • Pancreatic ascites ... MatthewHoMD #Ascites ... #Differential #
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

•
Perform paracentesis:
 • Cell count and diff 
 • Total
Ascites - Differential ... culture • Check ascites ... • Calculate SAAG ... and check ascites ... #Differential #
Deciphering the SAAG - Serum to Ascites Albumin Gradient
Ascites is either made in the liver sinusoid
Deciphering the SAAG ... - Serum to Ascites ... Albumin Gradient Ascites ... fibrosis) High SAAG ... Interpretation #Differential
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... - Bile ascites ... - Nephrogenic ascites ... - Urine ascites ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Hypercalcemia • Humoral ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology
Peritonitis - Spontaneous vs Secondary vs Peritoneal Dialysis Associated Peritonitis
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
 • Cirrhosis (high SAAG)
Cirrhosis (high SAAG ... ) + ascites w/ PMN ... Runyon's Criteria: Ascitic ... Peritoneal #diagnosis #differential ... #ascites
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
Humoral Immunity ... sequester in storage sites ... proliferate and differentiate ... repeat exposure #Humoral ... #Immunity #pathophysiology
Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Continued Innate Immunity
 • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
opsonize pathogen (tag ... Recruitment • Humoral ... #Inflammation #pathophysiology
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Purple #Urine #Bag ... Syndrome #PUBS #pathophysiology ... clinical #photo #differential