9 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... Ketoacidosis (DKA ... Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS ... #hhs #pathophysiology ... #comparison #endocrinology
DKA vs HHS
 - Think of DKA and HHS on a spectrum of hyperglycemic emergencies
 -
DKA vs HHS - Think ... of DKA and HHS ... = insulin sensitive ... #laboratory #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs ... /symptoms of HHS ... /DKA: Both: Polyuria ... #HHS #Ddxof
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
) - partial insulin ... • DKA/HHS Overlap ... & HHS and treated ... #differential #diagnosis ... #management #endocrinology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... Common, early signs ... Continue insulin ... closes and acidosis has ... #DKA #EDKA #Insulin
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
along with IV insulin ... ensure patient has ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
and feet Excess Insulin ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
of the lacrimal sac ... the infection has ... Periorbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
cycle to uncover pathophysiology ... loss of a-angle (aka ... - Dead space has ... oscillations - Sign ... interpretation #patterns #diagnosis