7 results
Apical 4-chamber (A4) Apical 4 Chamber view demonstrating the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left
(A4) Apical 4 Chamber ... septum #Clinical #EM ... #Cardiology #POCUS ... #Apical #A4 #ApicalFourChamber ... #FourChamber #ALiEM
Negative contrast effect = a washout of the contrast (agitated saline) in the right atrium in
Negative contrast ... #washout #ASD # ... defect #a4c #Echocardiogram ... #clinical #cardiology ... #pocus
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... Small secundum ASD ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Parasternal Long Axis view with measurement. Note the right ventricle (RV), interventricular septum (S), left ventricle
Parasternal Long ... ventricle (LV), left atrium ... #Clinical #EM #Cardiology ... #POCUS #Parasternal ... LongAxis #PSLA #ALiEM
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
valve doesn’t look typical ... Long chronic severe ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #clinical #cardiology ... #pocus
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
• Should be on differential ... no matter how long ... exsanguination • Typical ... first-line study - If negative ... extravasation of contrast
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
plane into left atrium ... papillary muscles apically ... it results from SAM ... pacing (especially apical ... Primary #Functional #Differential