36 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
2) Presence of symptoms ... (HA, nausea, confusion ... status (edema, JVD, skin ... , liver, renal disease ... history #Diagnosis #EM
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs ... /symptoms of HHS ... hypovolemia (dry MM, skin ... seizure) #Pathophys #EM
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's Disease ... Lymphoma Metastatic Disease ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... patches on the skin
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Vertigo - Differential ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... • Meniere's Disease ... Imbalance, neurologic symptoms ... /signs, bidirectional
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm

Celiac disease suspected:
 • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease
 •
suspected: • Signs ... and symptoms of ... without discernable cause ... • Signs of osteoporosis ... microscopic colitis Differential
Eosinophil Disorders Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Peripheral blood eosinophilia/hypereosinophilia uncovered incidentally during medical evaluation or
for secondary causes ... organ-specific signs ... or symptoms (eg ... , skin or esophageal ... Disorders #Algorithm #Differential
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
hypotension - Nausea ... Autoimmune thyroid disease ... disorders: - Pale skin ... Insufficiency #Signs ... #Symptoms #Adrenal
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... Méniére's disease ... Disease onset usually ... varying neurologic signs ... #differential #
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
intralobular bile ducts causes ... failure PBC Signs ... and Symptoms: ... Examination: • Skin ... bile ducts Differential
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
manifestations Skin ... inflammation tends to cause ... interstitial lung disease ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis