25 results
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Structural
 • Tumors
 • Zenker's Diverticulum
 • Foreign Bodv
Neuromuscular Toxic/Metabolic
 • Myasthenia
Scleroderma • Achalasia ... Progressive Symptoms • Reflux ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
FIGURE 2. CHALAZION.  

Hordeola and chalazia are two common causes of the red, swollen eyelid
Hordeola and chalazia ... are two common causes ... Ophthalmology #Photo
Syncope - Cerebral hypoperfusion leading to transient lsos of consciousness causing alck of postural tone with
Orthostatic (4-24%) • Reflex ... • Non-syncopal cause ... 20%) • Unclear cause ... differential #diagnosis #management
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
frequently benign causes ... such as reflex ... life-threatening causes ... further guide management ... depends on the cause
Pyloric Stenosis - Overview - Lightning Learning

Thickened pyloric muscle obstructing the passage of milk going into
be mistaken as reflux ... Cause is unknown ... Stenosis #Diagnosis #Management
Vasopressors and Inotropes - Pharmacology Summary
Vasopressors
Phenylephrine (alpha-1)
 • Increases BP, SVR
 • Risk of reflex bradycardia
SVR • Risk of reflex ... • Higher doses cause ... cAMP/cGMP • Causes ... Pharmacology #Summary #management
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
cause is unknown ... diseases that cause ... Causes: • Idiopathic ... esophageal sphincter to relax ... #diagnosis #management
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
• Initial Management ... Syndrome • Syndrome caused ... • Management: ... cord function and reflex ... bulbocarvenosus reflex
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Diagnosis and Management ... extrapulmonary cases ... numbness, decreased reflexes ... smear microscopy Management ... TB #Diagnosis #Management
Secondary Causes of Esophageal Eosinophilia (EoE) - Differential Diagnosis
 • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
 • Eosinophilic gastrointestinal
Secondary Causes ... Gastroesophageal reflux ... gastrointestinal disease • Achalasia ... Diagnosis #Secondary #Causes