635 results
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... • Other rare causes ... tumors and ectopic secretion ... Excess Insulin Secretion ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Causes of Approach to Altered Level of Consciousness - Workup
Clinical Exam - Focal
 • Trauma
 •
Causes of Approach ... • See Imaging Section ... Work and Imaging Sections ... workup #algorithm #Causes
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
constipation • Allergic reaction ... mediated cytotoxic reaction ... Neurologic effect - Sedation ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Diagnosis Algorithm Cause ... intoxication Cause ... related to renin secretion ... gradient and fluid secretion ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... - Small bowel resection ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action ... VLDL Production/Secretion ... sequestration #pathophysiology
Cardiac Cycle - Pathophysiology
 - Atrial Contraction
 - Isovolumetric Contraction
 - Rapid Ventricular Ejection
 - Slow
Cardiac Cycle - Pathophysiology ... Rapid Ventricular Ejection ... Slow Ventricular Ejection ... Cardiac #Cycle #Pathophysiology
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
hypereosinophilia (HE) Caused ... cytokines Common causes ... : - Drug reaction ... infection - Allergic reaction ... disease Rare causes
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... Diuretic Sites of Action ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Diuretics #Sites #Action
Antiemetics and Vomiting

#Pathophysiology #Antiemetics #Locations #Action #Pathways #Nausea #Chemotherapy #TriggerZone #CTZ
and Vomiting #Pathophysiology ... Antiemetics #Locations #Action ... #Pathways #Nausea