12 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Primary #Metabolic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Urinary Chloride ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #causes #urinary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... : Active diuretic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Urinary #Chloride
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #low #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... #Diagnosis #Low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... with thiazide diuretic ... Surreptitious diuretic ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... diuretic effect ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... , Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman