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diagnosis differential algorithm hyperkalemia hypokalemia low treatment high pharmacology hypomagnesemia medications classification comparison workup acidosis checklist syndrome anesthesia anesthesiology binders
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... if renal function ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... by excess potassium ... transcellular shifts ... with impaired renal ... and underlying renal
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 Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Renal Failure Excessive Mg Administration - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... intake - Magnesium ... Diagnosis #High #Magnesium ... #Table #Causes ... #Management
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia Consider risk factors for arrhythmia: - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation) - Digoxin
Evaluation - Check magnesium ... EKG) Consider magnesium ... 3.5 - Severe renal ... monitoring depend on renal ... #Hypokalemia #Management
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... #nephrology #magnesium
Potassium Electrolyte Repletion If patient also has hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium before repleting potassium Oral: • Pills (ask pharmacy
Potassium Electrolyte ... hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium ... before repleting potassium ... Intravenous (can cause ... Electrolyte #Repletion #management
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management • Distal (type 1) RTA • Proximal (type 2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Diagnosis and Management ... 4) RTA #rta #Renal ... Acidosis #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #table
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