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diagnosis causes hyperkalemia high nephrology management algorithm rhabdomyolysis alkalosis classification gitelman im nephro pathophysiology summary syndrome
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypokalemia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro #Hypokalemia #Acidosis #Alkalosis #Algorithm #Differential #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis ... Evaluation of Hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #EM ... #Acidosis #Alkalosis ... #Ddxof
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... management #algorithm #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential #
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... shift - Acidosis ... renal tubular acidosis ... ) #Hyperkalemia ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
- Differential ... Framework • Cellular Shift ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Shift of extracellular ... Treatment of underlying ... Monitor potassium ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Shift of extracellular ... oxidative iniury Treatment ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Supplement: • Potassium
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