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diagnosis management causes differential high hypokalemia syndrome algorithm aniongap encephalopathy gitelman k kdigo metabolic nongap posterior pres reversible rhabdomyolysis
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department • Place on cardiac
KDIGO Treatment ... management of acute ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology #KDIGO
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Redistribution: Acidosis ... Assess GFR), ±VBG (acidosis ... hyperchloremic acidosis ... gtt - Only in acidosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Shift of extracellular ... Treatment of underlying ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... diagnosis #management #neurology
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