17 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #causes #potassium
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... likely: • High ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... transcellular shifts ... , or insufficient ... significantly lower potassium ... hospitalized patients #Diagnosis
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Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... (with renal insufficiency ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal insufficiency ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
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Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Framework • Cellular Shift ... #Causes #potassium ... #high
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... Check sodium, potassium ... Administer 250 mcg ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
: Most Common Cause ... Adrenalitis Other causes ... Hyperkalemia is ... Give 250 mcg of ... #Management #Endocrinology