29 results
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Hypokalemia results ... transcellular shifts ... insufficient intake (Table ... of hypokalemia,
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia
The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
the Treatment of Hyperkalemia ... disturbances, shift ... intervention are symptoms ... , changes on ECG ... , and Table 3 summarizes
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization causes ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
search for warning signs ... or symptoms warranting ... electrocardiography (ECG ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... #Diagnosis #Hypokalemia
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential Diagnosis ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Shift of extracellular ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Symptoms and Signs of Hypomagnesemia
Neuromuscular:
 - Tetany, Muscle weakness, Chvostek and Trousseau signs, Cerebellar (ataxia, nystagmus,
Symptoms and Signs ... Dysphagia, Anorexia, nausea ... Miscellaneous: - Hypokalemia ... , Hypocalcemia, ... #Signs #diagnosis
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... disorders including hypokalemia ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic