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management nephrology diagnosis differential algorithm causes hypokalemia medications high table diuretics gitelman rhabdomyolysis abortive anesthesia anesthesiology binders checklist chronic comparison
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... GI losses (NG suction ... #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
Diuretics sites of action ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... nephron #diuretics #pharmacology ... #nephrology #medications ... #sites #action
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... Non-reabsorbable anion ... #hypokalemia ... #urine #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Transfusion reaction ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... management #algorithm #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Transfusion reaction ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #high #nephrology
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
Medications for the Treatment ... goals of acute treatment ... disturbances, shift ... , changes on ECG ... #Treatment
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 Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate • Patiromer (veltassa) •
Potassium Binders ... Management of Hyperkalemia ... cyclosilicate #Potassium ... #treatment #pharmacology ... table #comparison #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
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