11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
transcellular shifts ... insufficient intake (Table ... 1).6–8 Abnormal ... significantly lower potassium ... #Differential #
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... syndrome Low-normal ... #urine #potassium ... #differential #
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
- Differential ... Framework • Cellular Shift ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #potassium ... #high
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... 130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low/Normal ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Loss of sodium/Potassium ... - Core temp normal ... High body temperatures ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia