52 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Differentiating Gitelman ... krithicism #Gitelman ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Bartter syndrome and Gitelman ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Hypokalemia ... syndromes - Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... of magnesium into ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... Transcellular shift ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
load - Magnesium-containing ... or enemas - Treatment ... Increased renal magnesium ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... management #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... potassium(K) & magnesium ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology