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diagnosis differential syndrome potassium treatment causes algorithm rhabdomyolysis binders comparison druginduced evaluation hematology infusion leukostasis lysis medications pris propofol related
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... pressure Labs: • Hypokalemia ... #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... In persistent hypokalemia ... #Syndrome #Management ... #Treatment #nephrology
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate • Patiromer (veltassa) •
Potassium Binders for Management ... of Hyperkalemia ... #Hyperkalemia # ... treatment #pharmacology ... table #comparison #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Shift of extracellular ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
of Hypokalemia ... Hypokalemia is ... search for warning signs ... (ECG), severe hypokalemia ... transcellular shifts
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