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diagnosis differential nephrology hypokalemia algorithm management classification high pathophysiology treatment cardiology medications classes comparison hypomg table workup antiarrhythmics blood checklist
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Approach to Hypomagnesemia ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... @NEPHKIDS1 #Hypomagnesemia ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #low
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Diagnosis Renal Causes ... Renal Causes of ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... is caused by excess ... potassium intake ... , impaired potassium ... transcellular shifts
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 Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... K; also binds magnesium ... Side Effects: Hypomagnesemia ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #medications #pharmacology
Potassium Electrolyte Repletion If patient also has hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium before repleting potassium Oral: • Pills (ask pharmacy
Potassium Electrolyte ... patient also has hypomagnesemia ... , replete magnesium ... Intravenous (can cause ... Repletion #management #hypokalemia
Causes of Hypermagnesemia Increased magnesium load - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... Increased magnesium ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Addison's disease) #Hypermagnesemia ... #Causes #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low ... Transcellular shifts ... #potassium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
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