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diagnosis differential algorithm nephrology treatment hypokalemia table classification comparison high medications cardiology hypomagnesemia pathophysiology workup checklist anesthesia anesthesiology criticalcare intraoperative
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... is caused by excess ... potassium intake ... , impaired potassium ... transcellular shifts
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 Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low ... Transcellular shifts ... #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... K; also binds magnesium ... nonspecifically binds K, magnesium ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #medications #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium
Potassium Electrolyte Repletion If patient also has hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium before repleting potassium Oral: • Pills (ask pharmacy
Potassium Electrolyte ... hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium ... Intravenous (can cause ... Electrolyte #Repletion #management ... #hypokalemia
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... of magnesium into ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #low
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia Consider risk factors for arrhythmia: - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation) - Digoxin
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia ... Evaluation - Check magnesium ... EKG) Consider magnesium ... arrhythrnia (aggressive magnesium ... #Management #CriticalCare
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... wasting from other causes ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
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