10 results
Adrenal Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation
 • Zona Glomerulosa: Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
    - Aldosterone and renin
Adrenal Incidentalomas ... : Hormone Evaluation ... Aldosterone and renin if hypokalemia ... • Adrenal Medulla ... Diagnosis #workup #endocrinology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Transcellular Shift ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-OHD in the adrenal ... as "congenital adrenal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Approach (when evaluation ... with previously stable ... hypertension and signs ... bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hypocalcemia/Late - Hypercalcemia ... Shift of extracellular ... per day until stable ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Shift of extracellular ... HYPOTENSION -> renal ... renal ischemia ... per day until stable ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
Evaluation and Management ... Evaluation begins ... search for warning signs ... transcellular shifts ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Cataracts Labs: Hypokalemia ... the abdomen for adrenal ... tumors • The adrenal ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... , and possibly renal ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs