7 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
- Protective effects ... states such as acute ... transcellular shift ... • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... the indicated causes ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... the epithelial sodium ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Differential #Diagnosis