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differential causes hypokalemia treatment potassium hyponatremia workup hypernatremia syndrome low renal 2 3 acidosis epilepticus gitelman high insipidus pathophysiology pediatrics
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... lactulose (peaks 1- ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Once ... discrete buckets: 1. ... (transcellular shift ... #workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Intracellular Shift ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic step 2 = consider fludrocortisone step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... kaliuresis step 1 ... #kaliuresis #management ... diuretics #diuresis #nephrology ... #algorithm
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Hyperkalemic ... Hypokalemic Type 1 ... Tubular #Acidosis #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Step #1 ... Hypernatremia #Management ... #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management • Distal (type 1) RTA • Proximal (type 2)
Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis ... and Management ... • Distal (type 1) ... type 2) RTA • Hyperkalemic ... #Management #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Utilizing ... water retention 1) ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
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