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diagnosis treatment differential hypokalemia causes rhabdomyolysis syndrome chronic encephalopathy gitelman high kdigo low medications neurology pathophysiology posterior pres reversible summary
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... function) - Loop diuretic ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... #urine #potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
The goals of acute ... disturbances, shift ... Figure 3 is an algorithm ... for the management ... #Management #Medications
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 Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... of Acute and Chronic ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... #Algorithm #Management ... #treatment #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
exertion/training, Seizures ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department • Place on cardiac
for management ... of acute hyperkalemia ... #management #algorithm ... #treatment #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... (renal potassium ... tachycardia • Seizures ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... : Treat with AEDs ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology
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