15 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute Managment ... protein - Low ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Intracellular Shift ... - Hyperosmolar states ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Intracellular Shift ... - Hyperosmolar states ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular shift ... • Renal artery ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... and necrosis in states ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high ... blood flow and
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Normal acid-base status ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Shock Overview A state ... altered mental status ... areas, back of thigh ... Classification #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes