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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia management treatment rhabdomyolysis alkalosis chloride comparison effects k lactated low lr metabolic normal ns pharmacology ringers saline
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... #urine #potassium ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Transcellular shift ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Hyperosmolar states ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Hyperosmolar states ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... #treatment #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Normal acid-base status ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
exertion/training, Seizures ... Drugs (Statins), ... Shift of extracellular ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... Optimize volume status ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
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