8 results
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
emergencyHypertensive ... encephalopathy ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... compensatory HTN • Seizures ... Renal: • Acute
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
Hypertensive emergency ... encephalopathy ... visual disturbance, seizure ... encephalopathy ... #Algorithm #CriticalCare
Outpatient Hypertension Management Algorithm
Monotherapy: 
 • Thiazide/thiazide-like 
 • ACE-I (non-black patients), 
 • ARB
Management Algorithm ... Urgency/Emergency ... • Hypertensive Encephalopathy ... Coronary Syndrome ... #Management #Algorithm
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Syndrome (PRES) ... agitation) • Seizures ... Risk Factors: • Hypertensive ... emergency • Preelampsia ... #Neurology
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure ... - Systemic: Hypertensive ... Acute: - Primary ... Inflammatory (Acute ... paraneoplastic syndromes
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... encephalopathy ... arteritis • Acute ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... /Hypertensive emergency ... Neurological symptoms: Acute ... , ADEM, Acute toxic ... : Treat with AEDs
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... disease - Hypertensive ... emergency ... causes: sepsis, meds ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology