13 results
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Mental Status ( ... AMS) - Differential ... Cardiac: • CHF ... compensatory HTN • Seizures ... #Diagnosis #causes
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Syndrome (PRES) ... Clinical Features: • Altered ... mental status ( ... agitation) • Seizures ... #Neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... HIV, or lyme • Altered ... mental status, ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... brain lesion • CNS
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... edema visualized as ... the underlying cause ... : Treat with AEDs ... until cause identified
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... , nephrotic syndrome ... Pulmonary Diseases, CNS ... #diagnosis #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Fever, headache, altered ... mental status, ... Demyelinating disease caused ... • Symptoms: AMS ... • VZV • HIV encephalopathy
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
• These shifts ... Post-operative state ... decompensation (CHF ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... • Wernicke encephalopathy
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Movement disorders, Seizure ... Meningitis, Myelopathy, Encephalopathy ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Secondary prevention (statin
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... rigidity) • Altered ... mental status. ... /l is regarded as ... Singh @rav7ks #CNS
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... Papilledema, headache, seizures ... lesion Tuberculous Encephalopathy ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... or abruptly • CN