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diagnosis differential hypokalemia workup causes management alkalosis chloride framework gitelman hypocalcemia metabolic pathophysiology phosphate phosphorus rhabdomyolysis treatment urinary
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Transcellular Shift ... • Normal or High ... • Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism • High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... deficiency • Drugs: Calcium ... Extravascular deposition: Hyperphosphatemia ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #nephrology #calcium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia ... Appropriately Low ... Transcellular Shift ... Inappropriately High ... #nephrology #phosphorus
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... and calcium several ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Transcellular shift ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... , calcium-creatinine ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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