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diagnosis differential management hypokalemia causes neurology rhabdomyolysis treatment encephalopathy epilepticus gitelman nutrition pediatrics posterior pres refeeding reversible status summary urine
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
iniury, Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training, Seizures ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts ... • These shifts ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
• Headache • Seizures ... • Headache • Seizures ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Constipation, Seizures ... 2-3 mEq/L • Seizures
Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in children Stabilization Phase (Seizure 0-5 minutes): • Check and maintain ABC
Stabilization Phase (Seizure ... Epilepticus (Seizure ... Status Epilepticus (Seizure ... If seizure continues ... #Epilepticus #seizure
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... tachycardia • Seizures ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
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