8 results
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Altered Mental Status ... (AMS) - Differential ... encephalopathy • PRES ... compensatory HTN • Seizures ... /agitation • CNS
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... (PRES) - Diagnosis ... Altered mental status ... agitation) • Seizures ... Immunomodulatory meds
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
• Headache • Seizures ... • Headache • Seizures ... Reversible course Differential ... Constipation, Seizures ... 2-3 mEq/L • Seizures
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... Altered mental status ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... brain lesion • CNS
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... Demyelinating Syndrome ... Movement disorders, Seizure ... Cerebrovascular Disease, PRES ... Secondary prevention (statin
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... exertion/training, Seizures ... Drugs (Statins), ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyperthermic Toxidromes
Five toxidromes may present with overlapping features: hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, altered mental status/seizures.
 • Sympathomimetic -
altered mental status ... /seizures ... signaling in the CNS ... • Serotonin Syndrome ... table #diagnosis #differential