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diagnosis differential high hyperkalemia hypokalemia potassium algorithm drugs hypomg kidney low magnesium management medications metabolic pediatrics rhabdomyolysis stones treatment
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
Hypokalemia - Shift ... Extrarenal Laxatives - Renal ... pump inhibitor - Renal ... Antimicrobials Drug-induced renal ... #Causes #hypomg
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
UA positive for blood ... HYPOTENSION → renal ... vasoconstriction → decreased renal ... perfusion → renal ... Cast formation: Renal
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... Phosphate: Distal Renal ... Lowe Syndrome (Oculo-Cerebro-Renal ... hypercalciuria, Familial Hypomagnesemia ... Stones #pediatrics #nephrology
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