38 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diarrhea, a high ... Urine chloride is high ... acidosis, a high ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Chronic progressive kidney ... Potassium-sparing ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis (HAGMA ... during hypoxic metabolism ... #Acidosis #HAGMA ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... differentiating kidney ... urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal ... #nephrology #low
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
0.8 Normal + High ... AG metabolic acidosis ... 0.8-2.0 Pure High ... AG metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... proximal features and high ... Renal #Tubular #Acidosis ... #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #high #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Differential Algorithm Acidosis ... Intracellular Shift ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology