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diagnosis differential algorithm hypokalemia management metabolic normal acidosis alkalosis causes comparison effects framework gitelman hyperkalemia hypophosphatemia k lactated lr magnesium
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Approach to Hypomagnesemia ... of magnesium = (urine ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... Urine chloride is ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... EABV, Low Plasma ... #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup NAGMA - Chem, ABG or VBG - Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... Chloride Intoxication ... • Serum K: low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... leukemia Measure Urine ... Transcellular Shift ... • Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... wasting) • Hypomagnesemia ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... 1.5 mEq/L • Chloride ... transcellular shift ... decreased renal blood flow ... Decreased GFR, urine
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
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