17 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Diseases of the ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ... HPS-severity classification ... #HPS #hepatology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
of renal disease ... Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Screening #Workup
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts ... • These shifts ... due to chronic disease ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Arrhythmias are the leading
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... Most Common Causes ... • Mounier-Kuhn syndrome ... , in advanced disease ... mycobacteria Treatment
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
life-threatening diseases ... mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... anti-GBM) Other tests ... Goodpasture's cause ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
over course of disease ... Malnutrition, TIPS West ... Encephalopathy #Grading ... #Classification ... #hepatology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Caused by intrapulmonary ... 10 minutes of rest ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient ... #hepatology
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
hallmark for the disease ... value is low, tests ... leukocytosis with a left shift ... ThromboticThrombocytopenicPurpura #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Hematology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ... IL-1 and IL-6, leading ... Liver function tests ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... properly, leading ... Myeloproliferative Disease ... Workup: • Complete ... #diagnosis #hematology