10 results
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization; changes ... repolarization causes ... in conduction causes ... #Progression #Table
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Acute and chronic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Chronic diarrhea ... - Hypokalemia ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Chronic Abdominal Pain Causes - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Many patients with chronic abdominal pain have had prior
Pain Causes - Differential ... have had prior evaluations ... Consider cardiac causes ... genitourinary causes ... #Causes #Differential
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
rule out other causes ... Altered sleep, Shortened ... apathy, Personality change ... can be used in cases ... Encephalopathy #Grading #Classification
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
countries (11-24 cases ... Americans (18-71 cases ... -60y (hormonal changes ... symptoms are not caused ... but stable or chronic
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Renal Epithelial Channels ... Heart Association class ... #Medications #Table
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
Evaluation and Management ... Evaluation begins ... palpitations, changes ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Pathogenesis of Select Causes of Constipation in Adults and in Elderly

 • Mechanical (ex. Bowel Obstruction,
Pathogenesis of Select Causes ... Hypercalcemia) - ... hormone receptor changes ... Digestion and colonic ... anal canal -> Evacuation