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An Algorithm for CSF Shunt Complications
#Algorithm, #CSFShunt, #NSGY, #Neurosurgery, #ddxof
Algorithm for CSF Shunt
Pulmonary Artery Catheter Pressures
Normal: RA 0-8, RV 15-25/0-8, Mean PAP <25, PCWP 8-12, Cardiac Index 2.6-4.2
HFrEF,
Left-to-Right Shunt ... Right-to-Left Shunt
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Right to Left Shunt ... Right to Left Shunt
Differential Diagnosis: Cyanosis - Mnemonic "COLD PALMS"
Peripheral cyanosis 
• Cold 
• Obstruction 
• LVF and shock
sulfhemoglobinemia • Shunt
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) on Cardiac MRI

16 y with Syncope /differential cyanosis / clubbing - PDA
PDA with R to L shunt ... CardiacMRI #CMRI #clinical
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
Left-to-Right Shunt ... Right-to-Left Shunt
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Right to Left Shunt ... - Anatomic Shunt ... - Physiologic Shunt
Reduction of Posterior Elbow Dislocation

#Elbow #Dislocation #Reduction #Posterior #clinical #video #msk #sports #orthopedics #physicalexam
Reduction #Posterior #clinical ... #video #msk #sports
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
TIPS involves the creation of a low-resistance pathway between a hepatic vein
Portosystemic Shunt ... Portosystemic #Shunt
Cafe Au Lait Spots: Pigmented areas adjacent to multiple neurofibromas.

Charlie Goldberg, M.D. - UCSD Catalog of
Cafe Au Lait Spots ... UCSD Catalog of Clinical ... Images #Clinical ... SkinRash #CafeAuLait #Spots