1378 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Right to Left Shunt ... Right to Left Shunt ... Hypoventilation Syndrome
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Right to Left Shunt ... - Anatomic Shunt ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... - Physiologic Shunt
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
 • Introduction
 • Embryology
 • Anatomy
 • Physiology of HLHS
 •
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ... Palliation • Shunt ... Hypoplastic #LeftHeart #Syndrome
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Echocardiogram (A4c) with bubble study showing delayed right-to-left shunt consistent with intrapulmonary shunt
68M
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... right-to-left shunt ... intrapulmonary shunt ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) demonstrated on Echocardiogram Bubble Study

Intra-cardiac shunt: Bubbles appear in LA quickly (within 3
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Intra-cardiac shunt ... Intra-pulmonary shunt ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Approach to the Hospitalized Patient with Cirrhosis
1) Recognize and Manage Decompensation
 • Ascites
 • Variceal Bleeding
• Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Portosystemic Shunt
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... with intracardiac shunt ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... VIQ mismatch and shunt ... pulmonary embolus SHUNT ... hepatopulmonary syndrome
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Superior vena cava syndrome ... • Shunt Airway
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Double Shunt on ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... pressure and R➡️L shunt ... dysfunctional RV, R-L shunt ... (extra-cardiac shunt