9 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... Disease, Meds (Opiates ... #sodium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Reduced Excretion - Differential ... EABV (e.g., CHF ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
approach to the differential ... administered (through a peripheral ... of symptomatic (seizures ... include vaptans (HF ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
osmolality helps to differentiate ... asymptomatic to seizures ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low ... hyponatremia #ADH #RAAS #Hypovolemia
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tachycardia • Seizures
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Orthopnea/PND and Peripheral ... patient causing hypovolemia ... the determined cause ... #diagnosis #differential ... #heartfailure #chf
Evaluation of Recurrent Falls

Core Concept:
Maintaining an upright posture requires the integrated function of multiple systems.
Disruption in
Examples: - Peripheral ... muscle wasting, slow ... - Stroke - Seizure ... Falls #Diagnosis #Differential ... Evaluation #Geriatrics #Neurology