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diagnosis nephrology algorithm potassium causes metabolic urine alkalosis classification comparison gitelman hyperkalemia hyponatremia hypotonic lactated lr management nagma nonaniongap ns
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... , a high urine chloride ... the excretion of sodium ... #differential #
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
- Protective effects ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... decreased renal blood flow ... #pharmacology #effects
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Non-reabsorbable anion effect ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup NAGMA - Chem, ABG or VBG - Calculate Anion
) - Differential ... Chloride Intoxication ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... or low blood pressure ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... the epithelial sodium ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
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