10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... acidosis: Gl tract ... and distal RTA, ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... - Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... tubular acidosis ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... tubular acidosis ... tubular acidosis ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... syndrome, Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA))
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Chronic progressive kidney ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... • Proximal RTA ... • Distal RTA ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #potassium #differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA): ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... unloading • Kidney ... filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular ... acidosis - Cl
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... : Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA), ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... #differential #